What are Permanent tissues? Once the cells are divided into primary and secondary meristems, the newly formed cells become structurally and functionally specialized,
thus forming permanent cells or mature cells. These cells lose the capability to divide. Permanent tissues are of two different types namely, simple tissues and complex tissues.
What are Simple tissues? Simple tissues seen in plants are namely, parenchyma, collenchymas, and sclerenchyma. A simple tissue is made up of only one type of cell.
What is Parenchyma? The cells of the parenchyma are usually isodiametric and they form the major component within organs. In some plant tissues, the cells may be spherical, oval, round, polygonal, or elongated. The cells of parenchyma have thin walls made up of cellulose and are either closely packed or consist of small intracellular spaces. The parenchyma plays a role in photosynthesis, storage, and secretion.
What is Collenchyma? The cells of the collenchyma are observed as homogenous layers or in patches below the epidermis in dicotyledonous plants. The cells of the collenchymas are thickened at the corners due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and pectin. The cells of collenchymas are oval, spherical, or polygonal in shape and usually contain chloroplasts. The function of Collen Chymatous cells is to provide mechanical support to the growing parts of the plant such as the young stem and petiole.
What is Sclerenchyma? The cells of sclerenchyma are long, and narrow with thick and lignified walls. The cells lack protoplast and hence are usually dead. Sclerenchymatous cells are usually found in the fruit walls of nuts and provide mechanical support to organs. Depending on the form, structure, origin, and development, the sclerenchyma may be fibers or sclereids.
What are Fibers? The fibers are long, thick-walled, and pointed cells occurring in groups in various parts of the plant.
What are Sclereids? The sclereids are usually oval or cylindrical, thick-walled usually containing dead cells with very narrow cavities, called the lumen.