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What do you mean by General Equilibrium
The general equilibrium is something that arises when the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity in supply. It is generally termed as the market equilibrium. It can be shown as a graph with both the demand and supply curves. The point at which both these curves intersect is called the equilibrium point.
Let us see the scenario when the prices rise above the market equilibrium or go below it.
What is Price above Equilibrium
If the price exceeds the equilibrium price, a surplus occurs and there will be competition among the Sellers, and the price will come down to the equilibrium point.
What is Price below the Equilibrium
If the price is below the equilibrium a shortage occurs and there will be a competition among the buyers and the price will rise to the equilibrium level. See the graph below to understand better.
The equilibrium state can tend to change as a result of changes in four ways.
These can be by one of the following:
A) Increase in Demand
When the demand increases in the market due to various reasons, there is a shift to right for the demand curve. With regard to the new demand curve, the point of equilibrium is also seen to have changed and gone a little above the earlier case.
B) Decrease In Demand
C) Increase in Supply
D) The decrease in supply
What is Price Ceiling
a) It is the legally mandated maximum price beyond which the price is not allowed to rise
b) The purpose is to keep the price below the market equilibrium price
Example of Price Celling
1) Rent controls
2) Price controls during wartime
3) Gas price rationing in1970s
Price Ceiling does two things
a) It reduces the availability
b) It increases the amount requested
c) Due to this, there is a shortage of goods seen
What do you mean by Price Floor
a) It is the legally mandated minimum price below which the price of the good should not fall.
b) It is designed in order to maintain a price above the equilibrium level
Example of Price Floor
1) agricultural price supports
2) minimum wage laws
3) Market For Unskilled labor: If the Government raises the cost of hiring workers by mandating that all firms provide health insurance for their employees, the cost of this new benefit raises the effective wages to the workforce
4) Thus Price floor does two things:
5) It reduces quantity demanded
6) It increases the quantity supplied
These are certain things about market equilibrium.