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Cell organelles:
From the previous section, we have learned that a cell contains cytoplasm and a nucleus. Collectively, the entire content present within a cell is defined as protoplasm. Protoplasm is dense and thick in nature, holding the nucleus and cytoplasm present within the cell. It is the living substance of the cell.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells:
Prokaryotic cell: Cells that lack a nuclear membrane outside the nucleus are called prokaryotic cells and are found in most micro-organisms like bacteria and blue-green algae. These organisms are otherwise called prokaryotes (Pro – first or primitive, karyon–nucleus).
Eukaryotic cell: Cells that have an organized nucleus with a nuclear membrane are called eukaryotic cells. These cells are found in most of the higher livings organisms like plants and animals and hence are otherwise called eukaryotes (EU – true, karyon – nucleus)
Comparison of Plant And Animal Cell
Plant cell and Animal cell:
a) Both plant and animal cell consists of an outer cell membrane.
b) A cell wall is present in plant cells while absent in animal cells. Instead of the cell wall, the plasma membrane is present in animal cells.
c) A well-organized nucleus is present in both plant and animal cell
d) Both cell types have sac-like structures called vacuoles containing cell sap. Plant cells have large vacuoles occupying 80% of the space within a cell, while in animal cells, vacuoles are either tiny or absent.
e) Plant cells contain small colored specialized bodies called plastids. Some plastids which are green in color are due to the presence of chlorophyll pigment contained within them. Such plastids are known as chloroplasts. Animal cells lack the presence of plastids.