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The Circulatory System In Animals
Transportation of substances throughout the body is an essential requirement for the survival of living beings. The circulatory system comprises blood, blood vessels, and the heart. Blood is an essential component of this system which helps in oxygen transport to various cells as well as waste removal from the body. Blood comprises cells and fluid. The fluid part of blood is called plasma. Blood contains three types of cells.
Red Blood Cells (RBC) contain an oxygen-binding red pigment called hemoglobin.
White Blood Cells (WBC) act as a defense line against diseases entering our body.
Platelets help in blood clotting.
Blood Vessels
Blood Vessels are a network through which blood flows. Two different types of blood vessels included arteries and veins. Arteries are thickly walled and they carry oxygenated blood from the heart to different parts of the body where they branch further to form capillaries. Veins are thin-walled that carry deoxygenated blood from different parts of the body back to the heart.
Pumping House of Body: Heart
The heart is known as the pumping house of our body. Sized to a fist it is located in the chest cavity with a slightly left-tilted lower side. The human heart is four-chambered with two upper chambers called the atrium and two lower chambers called the ventricles.'
Functioning of the Circulatory System:
The human circulatory system comprises of two types of circulation - systemic and pulmonary(Fig7.4.1).
Systemic Circulation: In this type of circulation arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart to different parts of the body and veins carry carbon dioxide-rich blood from different parts back to the heart.
Pulmonary Circulation: In this type deoxygenated blood is carried by the pulmonary artery to the lung and oxygenated blood flows back from the lung to the heart through a pulmonary vein.
Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart muscles give rise to a heartbeat which can be easily felt by placing the hand on the chest. The stethoscope is an instrument used by doctors to amplify these heart sounds.