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What is Soil composition?

The soil is made up of various components such as the abrasion of rocks, dead and decaying organic matter known as humus, manure made from composts, and vermicomposts. Different types of soil can be classified based on the type of soil and the quality of the soil.

The type of soil is based on the average size of particles and the quality of the soil is based on the amount of humus and the interaction of soil with micro-organisms present in it. The minerals present in the soil are obtained from the rocks that were broken down into fine particles.

Thus diversity in rocks, soil quality, and humus decide the diversity of plants and animals in that area. The topsoil is defined as the soil particles obtained from the breaking down of rocks along with the top layer of hummus. This topsoil is known to decide the plants that will grow and develop in a particular given area of land.

Soil pollution:

The process of downgrading the quality of soil, to an extent to which plants and microorganisms cannot survive, is defined as soil pollution. Soil pollution is commonly caused by the usage of chemical-rich fertilizers. Minerals present in the soil can also be eroded or washed away by floods and other natural calamities. Hence it is necessary to preserve the nutrients of the soil, as it takes several years to form soil from the rocks.

Water pollution:

Water is polluted in several ways.

1. Water dissolves the chemicals from the industries and fertilizers from the agricultural lands, thus making it difficult to re-use the water

2. Sewage from urban cities and towns is dumped in rivers and lakes

3. Certain industries exchange their heated water with the cool water from the water bodies, thus increasing the temperature of the water bodies and hampering the normal temperature to maintain the growth and development of underwater life.

4. Addition of undesirable physical and chemical substances in the water bodies, thus hampering the dissolved oxygen which supports the life in water bodies.

Air pollution:

The burning of fossil fuels is a common cause of air pollution worldwide. Fossil fuels like coal and petroleum on the burning result in the release of small amounts of nitrogen and sulfur and suspended particles in the air. Inhalation of these gases is hazardous to health.

The toxic gases mix with rainfall to produce acid rain, which damages the soil and plants growing on it. The suspended particles lower the visibility and cause the water to condense out of the air during winter seasons. This phenomenon is called smog. Regular breathing of polluted air results in an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Polluting Natural Resources Assignment Help