Explain the Organ System of a Frog
The organ System of a Frog is divided into 3 parts: 1) The Respiratory System 2) The Circulatory System 3) The Excretory System
The Respiratory System of Frog:
Inside water, frogs respire through the skin by the method of cutaneous respiration. The dissolved oxygen present in the water is exchanged through the skin by diffusion. And on land, the buccal cavity (nostrils), skin, and lungs aid in respiration. The lungs are a pair of pink-colored sac-like structures present in the thoracic region.
Air enters through the nostrils and then to the lungs where the exchange of gases takes place. This type of respiration through the lungs is defined as pulmonary respiration. During the aestivation and hibernation periods, respiration takes place through the skin.
The Circulatory System of Frog:
The circulatory system is closed-type. The circulatory system consists of blood vessels, a three-chambered heart, and blood. Additionally, a lymphatic system comprising lymph, lymph nodes, and lymph channels is also present.
The heart of the frog is covered by a membrane called pericardium and consists of two upper auricles and one lower ventricle. A triangular structure called sinus venous joins the right atria. The blood is supplied to different parts of the body by the arterial system (arteries) and the deoxygenated blood is collected by the venous system.
The right atrium receives blood through the vena cava and is pushed down to the ventricles which open into a sac-like structure called Conus Arteiosus on the ventral side of the heart. The frogs have a special venous connection between the liver and intestines known as the hepatic portal system and likewise, in kidneys and other lower parts of the frog are known as the renal portal system.
The blood of a frog is composed of plasma and cells which include red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), and platelets. The RBCs are nucleated and carry a red color pigment called hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the different parts of the body. The circulation of blood is achieved through the constant pumping action of the heart. The lymph lacks RBCs and few proteins.
The Excretory System of Frog:
The frog has a well-developed excretory system with a pair of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and cloaca. The kidneys are made up of numerous structural and functional units called nephrons. In male frogs, the ureters arise from each kidney and open into the cloaca. While in female frogs, the ureters and oviduct open separately into the cloaca.
The nitrogenous wastes are filtered through nephrons and collected in the thin-walled urinary bladder, which opens exteriorly into the cloaca. Since frogs excrete urea, it is also known as ureotelic animal.
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