Explain the Morphology of Flowering Plant
Parts of a flowering plant:
The Root: The seed of a dicotyledonous plant gives rise to the radical which directly elongates to form the primary root,
which grows deep further in the soil. From the primary root, secondary and tertiary roots arise on their lateral sides.
The primary root along with its branches constitutes the tap root system (E.g. mustard plant). In the case of monocotyledonous plants, the primary root is soon replaced by several roots that originate from the base of the stem.
These kinds of roots are defined as fibrous roots (E.g. wheat plant). If the roots arise from parts of the plant rather than from the radical, then they are called adventitious roots (E.g. Grass).
Morphology of Flowering Plants Homework Help
Functions of root: Absorption of water and minerals from the soil, to provide strong anchorage to the plant, storing food reserves, and synthesis of plant growth regulators.
A. Tap Root B. Fibrous roots C. Adventitious roots
Regions of the root:
The taproot tapers down and is covered by a thimble-like structure called a root cap at its apex. The function of the root cap is to protect the root apex as it grows deep into the soil. Above the root cap, is the region of meristematic activity which comprises several small, thin-walled cells with dense protoplasm.
These cells divide repeatedly. The cells in proximity to the cells of the meristematic activity region also continuously divide in order to continuously elongate and enlarge the growth of the root. This region is called a region of elongation. Above the region of elongation is the region of maturation, where the cells of elongation gradually differentiate and mature. From this region, epidermal cells form fine, hair-like structures called root hairs. These root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil. Morphology of Flowering Plants Homework Help
Modifications of root:
Roots can be modified for the following purposes,
For support (E.g. Banyan tree)
For storage of food (Potato plant, carrot plant, beetroot plant)
For respiration (E.g. Rhizophora)
A. Storage B. Respiration (Pneumatophores arising in Rhizopora)