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Living Processes of Cockroach Homework Help

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Define the Living Processes of Cockroaches:

Excretory system of cockroach: Excretion is performed by Malpighian tubules present at the junction of the midgut and hindgut of the alimentary canal.

These rings of tubules are lined with ciliated and glandular cells which absorb the nitrogenous waste products and convert them into uric acid that is excreted out of the hindgut. This type of excretory system in insects is known as uricotelic. Additionally, the sucrose glands, nephrocytes, and fat body also help in the excretion process.

The nervous system of cockroach: A series of fused, segmentally arranged ganglia joined by paired longitudinal connectives are present on the ventral side of the body. Three ganglia lie in the thorax region, and six lies in the abdomen region. The nervous system is present little in the head and throughout the body.

This explains the fact that cockroaches can live a week longer even after they are beheaded. In the head region, the brain is represented by the supra-esophageal ganglion which supplies nerves to antennae and compound eyes. The sensory organs of cockroaches are antennae, compound eyes, maxillary palps, labial palps, and anal cerci. The compound eyes of cockroaches are made up of 2000 hexagonal ommatidia that receive a mosaic vision of the object with more sensitivity and less resolution.

The reproductive system of cockroaches: Cockroaches are dioecious. The male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes from which a vas deferens runs down and opens into an ejaculatory duct through a seminal vesicle.

The seminal vesicles consist of sperms bundled together in packets called spermatophores. The ejaculatory duct opens into male gonophores situated on the ventral side of the anus. A characteristic mushroom-shaped gland known as the reproductive accessory gland is present in the 6th-7th abdominal segments. The external genital pores are represented by male gonapophysis.

The female reproductive system consists of two large ovaries present in the 2nd-6th abdominal segment on the lateral side. Each ovary is a group of eight ovarian tubules containing a chain of developing ova. These ovaries are connected by a single oviduct that opens into the genital pore. Additionally, a pair of spermatheca present in the 6th chamber also opens into the genital pore.

During copulation, packets of spermatophores are discharged, thus transferring sperm into the oviduct of females. The fertilized eggs are then encased in capsules called oothecae. These capsules are then dropped or glued on a suitable surface near the food source. Each ootheca contains about 14-16 eggs. Thus in cockroaches, fertilization is internal and development is Parametabolus as it occurs through a nymphal stage.

Living Processes of Cockroach Homework Help