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Description of Cell Structure:
A cell is a complex structure performing many functions. The basic components of a cell include a porous cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The nucleus and cytoplasm are enclosed within the cell membrane. Other organelles of a cell are present in the cytoplasm. The nucleus and cytoplasm are differentiated by a nuclear membrane present on the nucleus periphery presence and absence of which characterizes an organism as being a prokaryote or eukaryote.
Cell Structure And Function
A cell is a complex machinery made up of many components which are specific in their function. Basically, a cell has three main components cell membrane, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The nucleus along with cytoplasm is known as protoplasm which is defined as the living material of a cell.
Cell membrane
This membrane is porous in nature and helps separate the cell from its medium and also from other cells. It is designed in such a way that it has a two-way flow of materials i.e. both inwards and outwards It provides shape to a cell and encloses the nucleus and cytoplasm within it.
Cytoplasm
It refers to the jelly-like medium residing between the cell membrane and the nucleus. Cytoplasm acts like a filling material for a cell. It is highly viscous in nature. This medium holds other components of cells viz. mitochondria, ribosomes, Golgi bodies, etc.
Nucleus
It is the most important component of a cell placed at the center and is generally spherical in shape. Serving as the control center nucleus is covered by a porous membrane that separates it from the cytoplasm known as the nuclear membrane. This membrane is also porous in nature and helps in the movement of materials between the nucleus and cytoplasm both inwards and outwards. The nucleus contains sub-components like nucleolus, chromosomes, etc.
Chromosomes are thread-like structure that carries the genes which in turn is defined as the unit of heredity. Genes carry information that is transferred from parents to offspring.
To observe the basic components of a cell one can scarp a cheek embryo without hurting it with the help of a toothpick. Placing the content in a drop of water on a glass slide and adding iodine/ methyl blue solution to it and covering it with a cover slip can help in visualizing cell components if viewed under a microscope.