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What is Animal Kingdom?

Animal Kingdom

The Animal kingdom comprises a diverse range of organisms living in different habitats. The animal kingdom is further classified based on the arrangement of cells, body symmetry, nature of coelom, and patterns of life processes like the digestive, reproductive, and circulatory systems. Though all animals are multicellular they do not exhibit the same arrangement of cells. In some animals like mollusks, the cells are loosely arranged.

This type of organization of cells is known as a cellular organization. In higher-level animals like coelenterates, the cells performing the same function are arranged together, making the arrangement of cells a bit more complex.

This type of organization of cells is known as the tissue level of organization. At a higher level, class Platyhelminthes, annelids, arthropods, and vertebrates exhibit organs which are a group of tissues performing the same function.

This type of organization is known as organ level organization. Specific organs are assigned to play an essential role in life processes.

 

Body Symmetry

Animals can be further categorized based on body symmetry. Two categories of animals are seen – asymmetrical and symmetrical. If a plane passes through the center of the body and divides it equally into two halves – right and left, then the body is symmetrical in shape. This type of symmetry is also known as bilateral symmetry.

For example, organisms belonging to the class vertebrates, arthropods, annelids, and chordates are bilateral in shape. In addition, if any plane passes through the central axis of the body and exhibits two identical halves, then it is called radial symmetry. Coelenterates and echinoderms have this kind of body plan. While some animals are not symmetrical in shape, such as sponges, and organisms belonging to the class mollusks, these animals are said to be asymmetrical in shape.

 

A. Radial Symmetry                                          B. Bilateral Symmetry

 

Diploblastic And Triploblastic Organisation

Animals in which cells are arranged in two embryonic layers, the outer ectoderm, and the inner endoderm are known as diploblastic animals. An undifferentiated mesoglea is present between ectoderm and endoderm. Example coelenterates. In some animals, the mesoglea is fully developed in the embryo as the third germinal layer between the ectoderm and endoderm. This layer is known as mesoderm and animals with three layers of embryonic cells are known as triploblastic animals: for example class Platyhelminthes, chordates, and vertebrates.

 

A.    Diploblastic                          B. Triploblastic

 

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