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Electric charge:

An atom can lose or gain an electron from its outer most orbits. These electrons in the outer most

Orbit joins the atom. If an atom looses an electron, it becomes negatively charged.

If an atom gains the electron it becomes positively charged. This loss or gain of electron makes

 the atom to become electrically charged.

Electric charge:

            The intrinsic property of protons and electrons is electric charge two type of charges

o    With respect to the magnitude, the charge of the proton is equal to

 the charge of electron.

o    In an isolated system, charges are always conserved.

            Since the  electrified  state  occurs only  due  to  the  transfer  of  charges  from  one

Object to the other.

E.g.:                    glass rod rubbed with silk.

When a glass rod is rubbed with silk, Glass rod   obtains positive charge and silk obtains negative

charge   While  rubbing the rod  with  silk electrons  are transferred  from  glass rod  to  silk.

Charges are quantized they exists as discrete ‘packets’.

            I.e.    q=Ne,              N-Integers.

• Like charges repel each other
• unlike charges attract each other

 unit of charge is denoted by e : e = 1.602 x 10- 19 Coulombs (C)